2017NIAN2YUE，GUOJIAFAZHANGAIGEWEI、MINHANGJULIANHEYINFAJINGGUOWUYUANPIZHUNDE《QUANGUOMINYONGYUNSHUJICHANGBUJUGUIHUA》，MINGQUE2025NIANWOGUOJIANGXINGCHENGJINGJINJI、ZHANGSANJIAO、YUEGANGAODAWANQU3DASHIJIEJIJICHANGQUN，DAZAOBEIJING、SHANGHAI、GUANGZHOU、CHENGDOU、KUNMING、SHENZHEN、ZHONGQING、XIAN、WULUMUQI、HAERBIN10GE和记国际备用域名SHUNIU，GONGGUHEPEIYUTIANJIN、DALIAN、HANGZHOU、WUHAN、GUIYANG、LANZHOUDENG29GEQUYUSHUNIU。GENJUGUIHUA，WOGUOGONGYOU42GESHUNIUJICHANG。WEILUOSHIGUIHUAYAOQIU，MINHANGJUHUITONGYOUGUANDIFANGJINYIBUQIANGHUAHANGKONGSHUNIUGUIHUAHEJIANSHE，JIAQIANG和记国际备用域名HANGKONGSHUNIUZHANLVEGUIHUADEBIANZHIGONGZUO，WANSHANQUYUSHUNIUJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUA，JIAKUAISHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHE，WEIGOUJIANGUOJIAZONGHEJICHANGTIXIDIANDINGJICHU。BENWENZONGJIE“SHISANWU”YILAIWOGUOSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEXIANGMUQIANQIZIXUNPINGGUGUOCHENGZHONGFAXIANDETEDIANJIQIWENTI，TICHUTUIDONGSHUNIUJICHANGGAOZHILIANGFAZHANDEJIANYI，WEISHUNIUJICHANGDEGUIHUAHEJIANSHETIGONGCANKAOYIJU。

一、我国枢纽机场作用日益凸显

1.千万级机场贡献越来越大

JIEZHI2019NIANDI，WOGUOJINGNEIBANZHENGMINYONGHANGKONGJICHANG238GE，NIANLVKETUNTULIANGCHAOGUO1000WANRENCIDEDADAO39GE（QIZHONG37GEWEISHUNIUJICHANG），JIAO2015NIANJINGZENG13GE；WANCHENGLVKETUNTULIANG11.26YIRENCI，ZHANQUANBUJINGNEIJICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGDE83.3%，JIAO2015NIANZENGJIA5.5GEBAIFENDIAN。

BIAO1 2019NIANQUANGUOJINGNEIJICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGFENBU

数据来源：民航局《2019年民航机场生产统计公报》

*表示含北京南苑机场（2019年9月25日停航）

数据来源：作者整理

图1 2015-2019年千万级机场数量及旅客吞吐量总量

2.和记国际备用域名竞争力不断提升

BEIJING、SHANGHAI、GUANGZHOUJICHANGDE和记国际备用域名SHUNIUDIWEIMINGXIANTIGAO。2019NIAN，BEIJINGSHOUDOU和记国际备用域名JICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGJI2018NIANHOUZAICITUPO1YIRENCI，JUSHIJIEDIER，SHANGHAIPUDONGJICHANGHEGUANGZHOUBAIYUNJICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGJUNCHAOGUO7000WANRENCI，FENBIEJUSHIJIEDIBAHEDISHIYI；SHANGHAIPUDONGJICHANGHUOYOUTUNTULIANGJUSHIJIEDISAN。

北京首都和记国际备用域名机场

3.综合交通功能逐步完善

CHUBUTONGJI，MUQIANWOGUOYIYOU25GESHUNIUJICHANGSHIXIANLEYUGUIDAOJIAOTONG（HANTIELU、CHENGSHIGUIDAOJIAOTONG）DEXIANJIE，KAITONGLE36TIAOLVKEGUIDAOJIAOTONG。SHANGHAIHONGQIAO、BEIJINGDAXING、WUHANTIANHE、ZHENGZHOUXINZHENG、CHENGDOUSHUANGLIUDENGJICHANGCHENGWEIZHONGYAODEZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIU，ZAIJIANDECHENGDOUXINJICHANG、QINGDAOXINJICHANGYETONGBUYINRUGAOSUTIELU、CHENGSHIGUIDAOJIAOTONG，YISHUNIUJICHANGWEIZHONGXINDEZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUJIAKUAIJIANSHE。

上海虹桥机场2号站——连接上海长途汽车、轨道地铁线处

4.临空经济日趋成熟

JIEZHI2019NIANDI，BEIJINGDAXINGJICHANG、ZHENGZHOU、QINGDAOJIAODONG、ZHONGQING、GUANGZHOU、SHANGHAIHONGQIAO、CHENGDOU、ZHANGSHA、GUIYANG、HANGZHOU、NINGBO、XIAN、SHOUDOUJICHANG、NANJINGDENG14GELINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUHUODEGUOJIAPIFUJIANSHE，JINYIBUJUJIHANGKONGWULIU、KUAIJIANKUAIDI、KUAJINGDIANSHANG、KEJICHUANGXIN、SHANGWUHUIZHAN、ZONGHEBAOZHANGDENGCHANYE，DAZAOGAODUANLINKONGCHANYEJIQUN，FAHUIDONGLIYINQINGZUOYONG，RIYICHENGWEITUIDONGQUYUJINGJIZHUANXINGSHENGJIDEZHONGYAOLILIANG。

表2 国内主要机场临空经济示范区概况

数据来源：作者整理

郑州航空港经济综合实验区

二、当前我国枢纽机场建设呈现的特点及其问题

ZONGTISHANGKAN，WOGUOSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEQUDELEYIDINGCHENGXIAO。JIEHE“SHISANWU”YILAISHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEXIANGMUQIANQIZIXUNPINGGUGONGZUO，SHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEYECHENGXIANYIXIAJIGETEDIAN：

1.枢纽机场规划目标较大提升

WEISHIYINGFAZHANXUQIU，JIAQIANGJICHANGZHOUBIANDIQUDEGUIHUAKONGZHI，SHUNIUJICHANGLUXUBIANZHIWANCHENGLEXINBANJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUABINGQUDEPIFU，GUIHUAMUBIAOBIXIANZHUANGZHIBIAOJUNYOUJIAODATISHENG，JINQI（2030NIAN）LVKETUNTULIANGSHIXIANZHUANGZHIBIAOYUE2~3BEI，YUANQI（ZHONGDUAN）LVKETUNTULIANGSHIXIANZHUANGZHIBIAOYUE2.5~6.5BEI。

SHUNIUJICHANG“CHENGBEISHU”GUIHUAMUBIAODESHIXIAN，JIANGDUIJICHANGWEILAIKONGGUANZHIHUI、DIMIANZUZHI、RENYUANBAOZHANG、SHESHIPEITAO、YUNYINGGUANLIDENGFANGMIANTICHUXINDEGENGGAOYAOQIU。

BIAO3 BUFENSHUNIUJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUALVKETUNTULIANGGUIHUAMUBIAOYILANBIAO（DANWEI：WANRENCI）

数据来源：作者整理

2.枢纽机场建设工程规模和投资较大

“SHISANWU”YILAI，WEISHIYINGHANGKONGYEWULIANGZENGZHANGXUYAO，TISHENGJICHANGZONGHEBAOZHANGNENGLIHEFUWUSHUIPING，YIJUJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUA，SHUNIUJICHANGFENFENQIDONGXINYILUNJIANSHEGONGCHENG，GONGCHENGJIANSHEGUIMOHETOUZIPUBIANJIAODA，RUCHENGDOUXINJICHANGXINJIAN3TIAOPAODAO、60WANPINGFANGMIDEHANGZHANLOU，JICHANGGONGCHENGTOUZI（XIATONG）YUE512YIYUAN；WULUMUQIJICHANGKUOJIAN2TIAOPAODAO、50WANPINGFANGMIHANGZHANLOU，TOUZIYUE394YIYUAN；HUHEHAOTEXINJICHANGXINJIAN2TIAOPAODAO、26WANPINGFANGMIDEHANGZHANLOU，TOUZIYUE211YIYUAN；XIANJICHANGKUOJIAN3TIAOPAODAO、70WANPINGFANGMIHANGZHANLOU，TOUZIYUE449YIYUAN；LANZHOUJICHANGKUOJIAN2TIAOPAODAO、40WANPINGFANGMIHANGZHANLOU，TOUZIYUE318YIYUANDENG。YU“SHIERWU”LEISIKUOJIANGONGCHENG（ZENGJIANPAODAOHEHANGZHANLOU）XIANGBI，KUOJIANPAODAOSHULIANGDUO，HANGZHANLOUGUIMODA，GONGCHENGTOUZIGAOCHUJIAODUO（“SHIERWU”PINGJUNTOUZIYUE190YIYUAN）。SHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEGONGCHENGSHEJIDUOPAODAOYUNXING，KONGYUSHIYONGMAODUNTUCHU，JUNMINHANGXIEDIAONANDUDA。GONGCHENGJIANSHEZIJINLAIYUANZHUYAOSHIGUOJIABUZHUZIJIN、DIFANGZHENGFUCAIZHENGZIJIN、JICHANGGONGSIZIYOUZIJINYIJIYINXINGDAIKUAN，YOUYUGUOJIABUZHUZIJINYOUXIAN，DABUFENDEJIANSHEZIJINZHUYAOYIKAODIFANGCAIZHENGHEQIYEZICHOU，ZHEIDUIYUJINGJIXIAXINGYALIJIAOWEITUCHU、JICHUSHESHIJIANSHEMIANLINZIJINPINGJINGDEXIBU、DONGBEIDIQULAISHUO，JIANGKENENGXINZENGDIFANGZHENGFUZHAIWUFENGXIAN，YEHUIZENGJIAJICHANGYUNYINGYALI。

3.枢纽机场“大综合”现象较为突出

WEIJINYIBUTISHENGJICHANGJISHUYUNXIAOLV，TUIJINMINHANGYEYUQUYUJINGJIXIANGHURONGHECUJIN，GUOJIAGULITUIDONGSHUNIUJICHANGYUQITAJIAOTONGFANGSHIDEGAOXIAOXIANJIE，GOUJIANYISHUNIUJICHANGWEIHEXINDEZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIU，YINDAOLINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUJIANSHE。MUQIAN，SHUNIUJICHANGFENFENGUIHUAHESHISHIGAOSUTIELUHUOCHENGJITIELU、CHENGSHIGUIDAOJIAOTONGYINRUGONGCHENG，DAZAOZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIU；ZAIJICHANGZHOUBIANJINYIBUJIJUGELEILINKONGCHANYE，JIANSHELINKONGJINGJIQU。SUIZHEDUOZHONGJIAOTONGFANGSHIJIERUHEGELEICHANYEJUJI，JIAOTONGLIU、RENLIU、WULIUGENGJIAPINFAN，SHUNIUJICHANGYANRANCHENGWEIYIGE“DAZONGHETI”，ZIYUANCHENGZAINENGLIJINYIBUJIAJU，ZHEIJIANGZENGJIAJICHANGYUNYINGGUANLIFUDAN，RUOGUIHUAXIANJIEBUHELI，YEHUIJIJICHANGJIANSHEFAZHANDAILAIYUESHU。MUQIAN，BUFENZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUCUNZAIKUAXINGYEXIEDIAONANDUDA、JISHUBIAOZHUNBUTONGYI、JIANSHEBUTONGBUWENTI，JIANSHEJINDUZHIHOU；BUFENLINKONGJINGJIQUGUIHUAJIZHANLEJICHANGFAZHANYONGDI，JUNZAIYIDINGCHENGDUSHANGZHIYUELESHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEFAZHAN。

三、推动我国枢纽机场高质量发展建议

1.处理好发展需求与建设能力的关系

YAOCHULIHAOSHUNIUJICHANGFAZHANXUQIUYUJIANSHENENGLIDEGUANXI，ZHELIFANGFANHUAJIEZHONGDAFENGXIAN，BAOCHISHUNIUJICHANGJIANKANGWENDINGFAZHAN。

YISHIJIANCHI“TONGYIGUIHUA、FENBUSHISHI”DEYUANZE，ZAISHUNIUJICHANGZHANLVEGUIHUAHEZONGTIGUIHUAKUANGJIAXIA，JIEHEJICHANGYUNXINGSHIJI，ZHIDINGKEXUE、YOUXUDEFENQIJIANSHEFANGAN。

ERSHITONGCHOUFAZHANXUQIU、JUNMINRONGHE、ZIYUANCHENGZAI、ZIJINCHOUCUODENGYINSU，JIAQIANGXIANGMULUNZHENG，ZUOHAOKONGDIXIEDIAOHEZHAIWUFENGXIANPINGGU，YANGELUOSHIXIANGMUJIANSHETIAOJIAN，QUEBAOXIANGMUSHUNLISHISHI。

SANSHIZHUZHONGXIANGMUCAIWUXIAOYIHEKECHIXUFAZHAN，QIESHILUOSHIXIANGMUJIANSHEZIJIN，JIJITUOKUANRONGZIQUDAO，TIGAOYUNYINGGUANLISHUIPING，WEIJICHANGJIANSHEJIHOUXUYUNYINGTIGONGBAOZHANG。

2.规范引导枢纽机场融合发展

YISHIXIEDIAOTUIJINZONGHEJIAOTONGFAZHAN。JIEHESHUNIUJICHANGYUNXINGSHIJI，SHENRUYANJIUJICHANGJISHUYUNGONGNENGHEXUQIU，KEXUEGUIHUAJISHUYUNXITONG，TONGCHOUGUIHUAXIANLUJINZHANHEDIFANGCAILIDENGYINSU，HELIANPAIXIANGMUJIANSHE；JIANQUANZONGHEJIAOTONGXIEDIAOJIZHI，JIAQIANGGEZHONGJIAOTONGYUNSHUFANGSHIDEDUIJIERONGHE，ZUOHAOZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUTONGYIGUIHUA、SHEJI、JIANSHE、YUNYING，CHONGFENFAHUIJICHANGZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUZUOYONG。

ERSHIYINDAOYOUXUFAZHANLINKONGJINGJI。JIANCHISHUNIUJICHANGFAZHANYOUXIAN，YILINKONGZHIXIANGHEGAODUANJIJUWEIDAOXIANG，JIEHEQUYUCHANYETESE，ZUOJINGZUOXILINKONGCHANYEFAZHANLINGYU，ZUOHAOLINKONGCHANYEBUJUYUJICHANGFAZHANXIANGXIEDIAO，CUJINLINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUCHAYIXINGFAZHAN。

SANSHIJISHIZONGJIESHIFANGONGCHENGJINGYAN。TUIJINBEIJINGDAXINGJICHANG、CHENGDOUXINJICHANG、QINGDAOXINJICHANGDENGZONGHEKEYUNSHUNIUSHIFANGONGCHENGYIJIZHENGZHOU、BEIJINGDAXINGJICHANGDENGLINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUJIANSHE，JISHIZONGJIESHIFANGONGCHENGZAIGUIHUA、SHEJI、JIANSHEHEYUNYINGDENGHUANJIEZHONGKETUIGUANG、KEFUZHIDEXIANJINJINGYAN，GENGHAODIZHIDAOSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHE。

3.完善支持和保障措施

YAOWANSHANZHICHIHEBAOZHANGCUOSHI，SHIYINGSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEFAZHANXUQIU。

YISHIANZHAOJUNMINRONGHEYAOQIU，JIAKUAITUIJINKONGYUGUANLITIZHIGAIGE，JIAQIANGKONGGUANSHESHIJIANSHE，GAIJINYUNXINGSHOUDUAN，TISHENGKONGGUANBAOZHANGNENGLI。

ERSHIJIAKUAIFEIXING、JIWU、KONGGUAN、YUNYINGDENGZHUANYEXINGRENCAIDUIWUJIANSHE，JIADAGAODUANRENCAIPEIYANGHEYINJINLIDU，ZHELITIGAOSHUNIUJICHANGGUIHUA、SHEJI、JIANSHE、YUNYINGQUANGUOCHENGBAOZHANGNENGLI。

SANSHIJIAQIANGJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUA、LINKONGJINGJIQUGUIHUAYUDIFANGGUOTUKONGJIANGUIHUA、ZONGHEJIAOTONGGUIHUADENGDEXIANJIE，XIEDIAOHAOTUDI、HUANBAODENGYINSUYUSHUNIUJICHANGFAZHANDEGUANXI，LUOSHIJICHANGJIANSHEYONGDI，ZUOHAOSHENGTAIHUANJINGBAOHU。

注： 原文载于《中国投资》2020年5月号，本次发表作了较大改动。文中图片来源于网络。