中咨视界
苏志欣 | 我国枢纽机场建设的思考与建议
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2017NIAN2YUE,GUOJIAFAZHANGAIGEWEI、MINHANGJULIANHEYINFAJINGGUOWUYUANPIZHUNDE《QUANGUOMINYONGYUNSHUJICHANGBUJUGUIHUA》,MINGQUE2025NIANWOGUOJIANGXINGCHENGJINGJINJI、ZHANGSANJIAO、YUEGANGAODAWANQU3DASHIJIEJIJICHANGQUN,DAZAOBEIJING、SHANGHAI、GUANGZHOU、CHENGDOU、KUNMING、SHENZHEN、ZHONGQING、XIAN、WULUMUQI、HAERBIN10GE和记国际备用域名SHUNIU,GONGGUHEPEIYUTIANJIN、DALIAN、HANGZHOU、WUHAN、GUIYANG、LANZHOUDENG29GEQUYUSHUNIU。GENJUGUIHUA,WOGUOGONGYOU42GESHUNIUJICHANG。WEILUOSHIGUIHUAYAOQIU,MINHANGJUHUITONGYOUGUANDIFANGJINYIBUQIANGHUAHANGKONGSHUNIUGUIHUAHEJIANSHE,JIAQIANG和记国际备用域名HANGKONGSHUNIUZHANLVEGUIHUADEBIANZHIGONGZUO,WANSHANQUYUSHUNIUJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUA,JIAKUAISHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHE,WEIGOUJIANGUOJIAZONGHEJICHANGTIXIDIANDINGJICHU。BENWENZONGJIE“SHISANWU”YILAIWOGUOSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEXIANGMUQIANQIZIXUNPINGGUGUOCHENGZHONGFAXIANDETEDIANJIQIWENTI,TICHUTUIDONGSHUNIUJICHANGGAOZHILIANGFAZHANDEJIANYI,WEISHUNIUJICHANGDEGUIHUAHEJIANSHETIGONGCANKAOYIJU。 一、我国枢纽机场作用日益凸显 1.千万级机场贡献越来越大 JIEZHI2019NIANDI,WOGUOJINGNEIBANZHENGMINYONGHANGKONGJICHANG238GE,NIANLVKETUNTULIANGCHAOGUO1000WANRENCIDEDADAO39GE(QIZHONG37GEWEISHUNIUJICHANG),JIAO2015NIANJINGZENG13GE;WANCHENGLVKETUNTULIANG11.26YIRENCI,ZHANQUANBUJINGNEIJICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGDE83.3%,JIAO2015NIANZENGJIA5.5GEBAIFENDIAN。 BIAO1 2019NIANQUANGUOJINGNEIJICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGFENBU 数据来源:民航局《2019年民航机场生产统计公报》 *表示含北京南苑机场(2019年9月25日停航) 数据来源:作者整理 图1 2015-2019年千万级机场数量及旅客吞吐量总量 2.和记国际备用域名竞争力不断提升 BEIJING、SHANGHAI、GUANGZHOUJICHANGDE和记国际备用域名SHUNIUDIWEIMINGXIANTIGAO。2019NIAN,BEIJINGSHOUDOU和记国际备用域名JICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGJI2018NIANHOUZAICITUPO1YIRENCI,JUSHIJIEDIER,SHANGHAIPUDONGJICHANGHEGUANGZHOUBAIYUNJICHANGLVKETUNTULIANGJUNCHAOGUO7000WANRENCI,FENBIEJUSHIJIEDIBAHEDISHIYI;SHANGHAIPUDONGJICHANGHUOYOUTUNTULIANGJUSHIJIEDISAN。 北京首都和记国际备用域名机场 3.综合交通功能逐步完善 CHUBUTONGJI,MUQIANWOGUOYIYOU25GESHUNIUJICHANGSHIXIANLEYUGUIDAOJIAOTONG(HANTIELU、CHENGSHIGUIDAOJIAOTONG)DEXIANJIE,KAITONGLE36TIAOLVKEGUIDAOJIAOTONG。SHANGHAIHONGQIAO、BEIJINGDAXING、WUHANTIANHE、ZHENGZHOUXINZHENG、CHENGDOUSHUANGLIUDENGJICHANGCHENGWEIZHONGYAODEZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIU,ZAIJIANDECHENGDOUXINJICHANG、QINGDAOXINJICHANGYETONGBUYINRUGAOSUTIELU、CHENGSHIGUIDAOJIAOTONG,YISHUNIUJICHANGWEIZHONGXINDEZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUJIAKUAIJIANSHE。 上海虹桥机场2号站——连接上海长途汽车、轨道地铁线处 4.临空经济日趋成熟 JIEZHI2019NIANDI,BEIJINGDAXINGJICHANG、ZHENGZHOU、QINGDAOJIAODONG、ZHONGQING、GUANGZHOU、SHANGHAIHONGQIAO、CHENGDOU、ZHANGSHA、GUIYANG、HANGZHOU、NINGBO、XIAN、SHOUDOUJICHANG、NANJINGDENG14GELINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUHUODEGUOJIAPIFUJIANSHE,JINYIBUJUJIHANGKONGWULIU、KUAIJIANKUAIDI、KUAJINGDIANSHANG、KEJICHUANGXIN、SHANGWUHUIZHAN、ZONGHEBAOZHANGDENGCHANYE,DAZAOGAODUANLINKONGCHANYEJIQUN,FAHUIDONGLIYINQINGZUOYONG,RIYICHENGWEITUIDONGQUYUJINGJIZHUANXINGSHENGJIDEZHONGYAOLILIANG。 表2 国内主要机场临空经济示范区概况 数据来源:作者整理 郑州航空港经济综合实验区 二、当前我国枢纽机场建设呈现的特点及其问题 ZONGTISHANGKAN,WOGUOSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEQUDELEYIDINGCHENGXIAO。JIEHE“SHISANWU”YILAISHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEXIANGMUQIANQIZIXUNPINGGUGONGZUO,SHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEYECHENGXIANYIXIAJIGETEDIAN: 1.枢纽机场规划目标较大提升 WEISHIYINGFAZHANXUQIU,JIAQIANGJICHANGZHOUBIANDIQUDEGUIHUAKONGZHI,SHUNIUJICHANGLUXUBIANZHIWANCHENGLEXINBANJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUABINGQUDEPIFU,GUIHUAMUBIAOBIXIANZHUANGZHIBIAOJUNYOUJIAODATISHENG,JINQI(2030NIAN)LVKETUNTULIANGSHIXIANZHUANGZHIBIAOYUE2~3BEI,YUANQI(ZHONGDUAN)LVKETUNTULIANGSHIXIANZHUANGZHIBIAOYUE2.5~6.5BEI。 SHUNIUJICHANG“CHENGBEISHU”GUIHUAMUBIAODESHIXIAN,JIANGDUIJICHANGWEILAIKONGGUANZHIHUI、DIMIANZUZHI、RENYUANBAOZHANG、SHESHIPEITAO、YUNYINGGUANLIDENGFANGMIANTICHUXINDEGENGGAOYAOQIU。 BIAO3 BUFENSHUNIUJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUALVKETUNTULIANGGUIHUAMUBIAOYILANBIAO(DANWEI:WANRENCI) 数据来源:作者整理 2.枢纽机场建设工程规模和投资较大 “SHISANWU”YILAI,WEISHIYINGHANGKONGYEWULIANGZENGZHANGXUYAO,TISHENGJICHANGZONGHEBAOZHANGNENGLIHEFUWUSHUIPING,YIJUJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUA,SHUNIUJICHANGFENFENQIDONGXINYILUNJIANSHEGONGCHENG,GONGCHENGJIANSHEGUIMOHETOUZIPUBIANJIAODA,RUCHENGDOUXINJICHANGXINJIAN3TIAOPAODAO、60WANPINGFANGMIDEHANGZHANLOU,JICHANGGONGCHENGTOUZI(XIATONG)YUE512YIYUAN;WULUMUQIJICHANGKUOJIAN2TIAOPAODAO、50WANPINGFANGMIHANGZHANLOU,TOUZIYUE394YIYUAN;HUHEHAOTEXINJICHANGXINJIAN2TIAOPAODAO、26WANPINGFANGMIDEHANGZHANLOU,TOUZIYUE211YIYUAN;XIANJICHANGKUOJIAN3TIAOPAODAO、70WANPINGFANGMIHANGZHANLOU,TOUZIYUE449YIYUAN;LANZHOUJICHANGKUOJIAN2TIAOPAODAO、40WANPINGFANGMIHANGZHANLOU,TOUZIYUE318YIYUANDENG。YU“SHIERWU”LEISIKUOJIANGONGCHENG(ZENGJIANPAODAOHEHANGZHANLOU)XIANGBI,KUOJIANPAODAOSHULIANGDUO,HANGZHANLOUGUIMODA,GONGCHENGTOUZIGAOCHUJIAODUO(“SHIERWU”PINGJUNTOUZIYUE190YIYUAN)。SHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEGONGCHENGSHEJIDUOPAODAOYUNXING,KONGYUSHIYONGMAODUNTUCHU,JUNMINHANGXIEDIAONANDUDA。GONGCHENGJIANSHEZIJINLAIYUANZHUYAOSHIGUOJIABUZHUZIJIN、DIFANGZHENGFUCAIZHENGZIJIN、JICHANGGONGSIZIYOUZIJINYIJIYINXINGDAIKUAN,YOUYUGUOJIABUZHUZIJINYOUXIAN,DABUFENDEJIANSHEZIJINZHUYAOYIKAODIFANGCAIZHENGHEQIYEZICHOU,ZHEIDUIYUJINGJIXIAXINGYALIJIAOWEITUCHU、JICHUSHESHIJIANSHEMIANLINZIJINPINGJINGDEXIBU、DONGBEIDIQULAISHUO,JIANGKENENGXINZENGDIFANGZHENGFUZHAIWUFENGXIAN,YEHUIZENGJIAJICHANGYUNYINGYALI。 3.枢纽机场“大综合”现象较为突出 WEIJINYIBUTISHENGJICHANGJISHUYUNXIAOLV,TUIJINMINHANGYEYUQUYUJINGJIXIANGHURONGHECUJIN,GUOJIAGULITUIDONGSHUNIUJICHANGYUQITAJIAOTONGFANGSHIDEGAOXIAOXIANJIE,GOUJIANYISHUNIUJICHANGWEIHEXINDEZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIU,YINDAOLINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUJIANSHE。MUQIAN,SHUNIUJICHANGFENFENGUIHUAHESHISHIGAOSUTIELUHUOCHENGJITIELU、CHENGSHIGUIDAOJIAOTONGYINRUGONGCHENG,DAZAOZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIU;ZAIJICHANGZHOUBIANJINYIBUJIJUGELEILINKONGCHANYE,JIANSHELINKONGJINGJIQU。SUIZHEDUOZHONGJIAOTONGFANGSHIJIERUHEGELEICHANYEJUJI,JIAOTONGLIU、RENLIU、WULIUGENGJIAPINFAN,SHUNIUJICHANGYANRANCHENGWEIYIGE“DAZONGHETI”,ZIYUANCHENGZAINENGLIJINYIBUJIAJU,ZHEIJIANGZENGJIAJICHANGYUNYINGGUANLIFUDAN,RUOGUIHUAXIANJIEBUHELI,YEHUIJIJICHANGJIANSHEFAZHANDAILAIYUESHU。MUQIAN,BUFENZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUCUNZAIKUAXINGYEXIEDIAONANDUDA、JISHUBIAOZHUNBUTONGYI、JIANSHEBUTONGBUWENTI,JIANSHEJINDUZHIHOU;BUFENLINKONGJINGJIQUGUIHUAJIZHANLEJICHANGFAZHANYONGDI,JUNZAIYIDINGCHENGDUSHANGZHIYUELESHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEFAZHAN。 三、推动我国枢纽机场高质量发展建议 1.处理好发展需求与建设能力的关系 YAOCHULIHAOSHUNIUJICHANGFAZHANXUQIUYUJIANSHENENGLIDEGUANXI,ZHELIFANGFANHUAJIEZHONGDAFENGXIAN,BAOCHISHUNIUJICHANGJIANKANGWENDINGFAZHAN。 YISHIJIANCHI“TONGYIGUIHUA、FENBUSHISHI”DEYUANZE,ZAISHUNIUJICHANGZHANLVEGUIHUAHEZONGTIGUIHUAKUANGJIAXIA,JIEHEJICHANGYUNXINGSHIJI,ZHIDINGKEXUE、YOUXUDEFENQIJIANSHEFANGAN。 ERSHITONGCHOUFAZHANXUQIU、JUNMINRONGHE、ZIYUANCHENGZAI、ZIJINCHOUCUODENGYINSU,JIAQIANGXIANGMULUNZHENG,ZUOHAOKONGDIXIEDIAOHEZHAIWUFENGXIANPINGGU,YANGELUOSHIXIANGMUJIANSHETIAOJIAN,QUEBAOXIANGMUSHUNLISHISHI。 SANSHIZHUZHONGXIANGMUCAIWUXIAOYIHEKECHIXUFAZHAN,QIESHILUOSHIXIANGMUJIANSHEZIJIN,JIJITUOKUANRONGZIQUDAO,TIGAOYUNYINGGUANLISHUIPING,WEIJICHANGJIANSHEJIHOUXUYUNYINGTIGONGBAOZHANG。 2.规范引导枢纽机场融合发展 YISHIXIEDIAOTUIJINZONGHEJIAOTONGFAZHAN。JIEHESHUNIUJICHANGYUNXINGSHIJI,SHENRUYANJIUJICHANGJISHUYUNGONGNENGHEXUQIU,KEXUEGUIHUAJISHUYUNXITONG,TONGCHOUGUIHUAXIANLUJINZHANHEDIFANGCAILIDENGYINSU,HELIANPAIXIANGMUJIANSHE;JIANQUANZONGHEJIAOTONGXIEDIAOJIZHI,JIAQIANGGEZHONGJIAOTONGYUNSHUFANGSHIDEDUIJIERONGHE,ZUOHAOZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUTONGYIGUIHUA、SHEJI、JIANSHE、YUNYING,CHONGFENFAHUIJICHANGZONGHEJIAOTONGSHUNIUZUOYONG。 ERSHIYINDAOYOUXUFAZHANLINKONGJINGJI。JIANCHISHUNIUJICHANGFAZHANYOUXIAN,YILINKONGZHIXIANGHEGAODUANJIJUWEIDAOXIANG,JIEHEQUYUCHANYETESE,ZUOJINGZUOXILINKONGCHANYEFAZHANLINGYU,ZUOHAOLINKONGCHANYEBUJUYUJICHANGFAZHANXIANGXIEDIAO,CUJINLINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUCHAYIXINGFAZHAN。 SANSHIJISHIZONGJIESHIFANGONGCHENGJINGYAN。TUIJINBEIJINGDAXINGJICHANG、CHENGDOUXINJICHANG、QINGDAOXINJICHANGDENGZONGHEKEYUNSHUNIUSHIFANGONGCHENGYIJIZHENGZHOU、BEIJINGDAXINGJICHANGDENGLINKONGJINGJISHIFANQUJIANSHE,JISHIZONGJIESHIFANGONGCHENGZAIGUIHUA、SHEJI、JIANSHEHEYUNYINGDENGHUANJIEZHONGKETUIGUANG、KEFUZHIDEXIANJINJINGYAN,GENGHAODIZHIDAOSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHE。 3.完善支持和保障措施 YAOWANSHANZHICHIHEBAOZHANGCUOSHI,SHIYINGSHUNIUJICHANGJIANSHEFAZHANXUQIU。 YISHIANZHAOJUNMINRONGHEYAOQIU,JIAKUAITUIJINKONGYUGUANLITIZHIGAIGE,JIAQIANGKONGGUANSHESHIJIANSHE,GAIJINYUNXINGSHOUDUAN,TISHENGKONGGUANBAOZHANGNENGLI。 ERSHIJIAKUAIFEIXING、JIWU、KONGGUAN、YUNYINGDENGZHUANYEXINGRENCAIDUIWUJIANSHE,JIADAGAODUANRENCAIPEIYANGHEYINJINLIDU,ZHELITIGAOSHUNIUJICHANGGUIHUA、SHEJI、JIANSHE、YUNYINGQUANGUOCHENGBAOZHANGNENGLI。 SANSHIJIAQIANGJICHANGZONGTIGUIHUA、LINKONGJINGJIQUGUIHUAYUDIFANGGUOTUKONGJIANGUIHUA、ZONGHEJIAOTONGGUIHUADENGDEXIANJIE,XIEDIAOHAOTUDI、HUANBAODENGYINSUYUSHUNIUJICHANGFAZHANDEGUANXI,LUOSHIJICHANGJIANSHEYONGDI,ZUOHAOSHENGTAIHUANJINGBAOHU。 注: 原文载于《中国投资》2020年5月号,本次发表作了较大改动。文中图片来源于网络。 | |||||
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